Aha ihe: Polyamide, Naịlọn (PA)
Mmalite na njirimara
Polyamides, nke a na-akpọkarị Nylon, nke nwere aha Bekee nke Polyamide (PA) na njupụta nke 1.15g / cm3, bụ resins thermoplastic na otu amide ugboro ugboro -- [NHCO] - na eriri isi molekụla, gụnyere aliphatic PA, aliphatic. PA na aromatic PA.
Ụdị Aliphatic PA dị ọtụtụ, nwere nnukwu mkpụrụ na ngwa ngwa.A na-ekpebi aha ya site na ọnụọgụ carbon carbon dị na monomer sịntetik.Ọ bụ onye America ama ama Carothers na ndị otu nyocha sayensị chepụtara ya.
Naịlọn bụ okwu maka polyamide fiber (polyamide), nke enwere ike mee ka ọ bụrụ eriri ogologo ma ọ bụ mkpụmkpụ.Naịlọn bụ aha azụmaahịa nke eriri polyamide, nke a makwaara dị ka naịlọn.Polyamide (PA) bụ polyamide aliphatic nke jikọtara ya na njikọ amide [NHCO].
Ọdịdị Molecular
Enwere ike kewaa eriri nylon nkịtị ụzọ abụọ.
A na-enweta klas nke polyhexylenediamine adipate site na condensation nke diamine na diacid.Usoro nhazi kemịkalụ nke molekul yinye ogologo ya bụ nke a: H-[HN(CH2)XNHCO(CH2)YCO]-OH
Ihe dị arọ molekụla nke ụdị polyamide a bụ n'ozuzu 17000-23000.
Enwere ike nweta ngwaahịa polyamide dị iche iche dị ka ọnụọgụ carbon carbon nke amines ọnụọgụ abụọ na diacids ejiri, enwere ike ịmata ya site na ọnụọgụ agbakwunyere na polyamide, nke nọmba mbụ bụ ọnụọgụ carbon carbon nke amines nke abụọ, na nke abụọ. ọnụọgụgụ bụ ọnụọgụ carbon carbon nke dicids.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, polyamide 66 na-egosi na ọ bụ polycondensation nke hexylenediamine na adipic acid mere ya.Naịlọn 610 na-egosi na a na-eme ya site na hexylenediamine na sebacic acid.
A na-enweta nke ọzọ site na caprolactam polycondensation ma ọ bụ polymerization na-emeghe mgbanaka.Usoro nhazi kemịkalụ nke ụmụ irighiri ụgbụ ya ogologo bụ nke a: H-[NH(CH2)XCO]-OH
Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke carbon atom na unit Ọdịdị, aha nke dị iche iche iche nwere ike nweta.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, polyamide 6 na-egosi na a na-enweta ya site na cyclo-polymerization nke caprolactam nwere 6 carbon carbon.
Polyamide 6, polyamide 66 na ndị ọzọ aliphatic polyamide eriri bụ ihe niile mejupụtara linear macromolecules na amide bond (-NHCO-).Polyamide fiber molecules nwere -CO-, -NH- otu, nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen na ụmụ irighiri ihe ma ọ bụ ụmụ irighiri ihe, enwere ike jikọta ya na ụmụ irighiri ihe ndị ọzọ, ya mere polyamide fiber hygroscopic ike ka mma, nwee ike mepụta usoro kristal ka mma.
N'ihi na -CH2- (methylene) na molecule polyamide nwere ike ịmepụta ike van der Waals na-adịghị ike, eriri molecular yinye nke -CH2- akụkụ nke buru ibu.N'ihi ọnụ ọgụgụ dị iche iche nke CH2- taa, ụdị njikọ nke njikọ hydrogen inter-molecular abụghị otu kpamkpam, na ihe gbasara nke molekul crimping dịkwa iche.Na mgbakwunye, ụfọdụ molekul polyamide nwere ntụzịaka.Ntuzi aka nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị iche, na njirimara nhazi nke eriri abụghị kpọmkwem otu.
Ọdịdị Morphological na Ngwa
eriri polyamide enwetara site na usoro ịgbaze agbaze nwere ngalaba obe okirikiri na enweghị usoro ogologo ogologo pụrụ iche.Enwere ike ịhụ anụ ahụ fibrillar filamentous n'okpuru microscope eletrọn, na obosara fibril nke polyamide 66 bụ ihe dịka 10-15nm.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, eriri polyamide nwere spinneret nwere ụdị pụrụ iche nwere ike ịbụ akụkụ dị iche iche nwere ụdị pụrụ iche, dị ka polygonal, ụdị akwụkwọ, oghere na ihe ndị ọzọ.Ọdịdị steeti lekwasịrị anya ya nwere njikọ chiri anya na mgbatị ahụ na ọgwụgwọ okpomọkụ n'oge ịgbagharị.
Ọkpụkpụ azụ macromolecular nke eriri polyamide dị iche iche bụ carbon na nitrogen atom.
Fiber nwere ụdị profaịlụ nwere ike ịgbanwe ngbanwe nke eriri, mee ka eriri nwee ọkụ pụrụ iche na ihe na-afụ ụfụ, meziwanye ihe onwunwe nke eriri na ike mkpuchi, iguzogide pilling, belata ọkụ eletrik na ihe ndị ọzọ.Dị ka eriri triangle nwere mmetụta flash;Akara akwukwo ise nwere ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke ìhè abụba, mmetụta aka dị mma na mgbochi ọgwụ;Akara oghere n'ihi oghere dị n'ime, obere njupụta, nchekwa nchekwa dị mma.
Polyamide nwere ezigbo ihe zuru oke, gụnyere akụrụngwa akụrụngwa, nguzogide okpomọkụ, nguzogide abrasion, nguzogide kemịkalụ na mmanye onwe ya, ọnụọgụ esemokwu dị ala, na-egbochi ire ọkụ ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ, nhazi dị mfe, yana dabara adaba maka nrụzigharị ya na eriri iko na ihe ndị ọzọ. iji kwalite arụmọrụ yana gbasaa oke ngwa.
Polyamide nwere ụdị dị iche iche, gụnyere PA6, PA66, PAll, PA12, PA46, PA610, PA612, PA1010, wdg, yana ọkara aromatic PA6T na nylon pụrụ iche mepụtara n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Oge nzipu: Feb-14-2022