Ihe onwunwe aha: Polyester
Mmalite na njirimara
Polyester fiber, nke a na-akpọkarị "polyester".Ọ bụ eriri sịntetị nke emere site na ntugharị polyester nke sitere na polycondensation nke organic diacid na diol, nke dị mkpụmkpụ maka eriri PET, nke bụ nke ogige molekụla dị elu.Emepụtara ya na 1941, ọ bụ ugbu a ụdị eriri sịntetịt kacha ukwuu.Nnukwu uru nke eriri polyester bụ nguzogide wrinkle na ichekwa udi dị ezigbo mma, yana ike dị elu na ike mgbake.Ya siri ike na-adịgide adịgide, mgbochi - wrinkle na nke na-adịghị - ajị anụ, na-abụghị - nnyapade ntutu.
Polyester (PET) eriri bụ ụdị sịntetik eriri nke mejupụtara agbụ dị iche iche nke macromolecular yinye nke ester otu jikọtara ma na-atụgharị n'ime eriri polymer.Na China, a na-akpọ eriri nwere ihe karịrị 85% polyethylene terephthalate dị ka polyester maka mkpụmkpụ.Enwere ọtụtụ aha ngwa ahịa mba ụwa, dị ka Dacron nke United States, Tetoron nke Japan, Terlenka nke United Kingdom, Lavsan nke bụbu Soviet Union, wdg.
N'ihe dị ka 1894, Vorlander mere polyesters nke ịdị arọ molekul dị ala na succinyl chloride na ethylene glycol.Einkorn rụpụtara polycarbonate na 1898;Carothers sịntetik aliphatic polyester: The polyester synthesized na mmalite afọ bụ ukwuu n'ime aliphatic compound, ya ikwu molekụla arọ arọ na agbaze ebe dị ala, mfe igbari na mmiri, n'ihi ya, ọ dịghị uru nke textile eriri.N'afọ 1941, Whinfield na Dickson dị na Britain rụpụtara polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sitere na dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) na ethylene glycol (EG), polymer nke a pụrụ iji mepụta eriri nwere ihe ndị mara mma site na ịgbaze agbaze.Na 1953, United States bu ụzọ guzobe ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe iji mepụta eriri PET, dị ka a pụrụ isi kwuo ya, fiber PET bụ ụdị eriri emepụtara n'oge n'etiti nnukwu eriri sịntetịt.
Site na mmepe nke njikọ organic, sayensị polymer na ụlọ ọrụ, emepụtala ụdị PET dị iche iche bara uru nwere ihe dị iche iche n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya.
Dị ka polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) eriri na polypropylene-terephthalate (PTT) eriri na elu gbatịa elasticity, full aromatic polyester eriri na ultra-elu ike na elu modulus, wdg : ihe a na-akpọ "polyester fiber" na-emekarị na-ezo aka dị ka dị ka. polyethylene terephthalate eriri.
Ubi ngwa
Polyester fiber nwere usoro ihe mara mma, dị ka ike na-agbaji dị elu na modul elasticity, resilience agafeghị oke, ezigbo ntọala thermal, ezigbo ọkụ na nguzogide ọkụ.Polyester eriri agbaze ebe bụ 255 ℃ ma ọ bụ otú, iko mgbanwe okpomọkụ banyere 70 ℃, na a sara mbara nso nke ọgwụgwụ-eji ọnọdụ kwụsiri ike udi, ákwà na-asacha na eyi iguzogide, ke adianade do, nwekwara magburu onwe impedance (dị ka iguzogide organic ihe mgbaze). , ncha, ncha, bleach solution, oxidant) yana ezigbo nguzogide corrosion, acid na-adịghị ike, alkali, dị ka nkwụsi ike, si otú a na-eji ya eme ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe.The ngwa ngwa mmepe nke mmanụ ala ụlọ ọrụ, nakwa maka polyester eriri mmepụta na-enye ndị ọzọ ukwuu na ọnụ ala akụrụngwa, jikọtara na kemịkalụ, n'ibu, electronic akara technology na-adịbeghị anya mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ, dị ka akụrụngwa na-emepụta, eriri akpụ akpụ. na machining usoro ji nwayọọ nwayọọ nweta mkpụmkpụ-nso, na-aga n'ihu, elu na-agba na akpaaka, polyester eriri aghọwo ngwa ngwa na-emepe emepe ọsọ, ndị kasị na-arụpụta ụdị sịntetik eriri.N'afọ 2010, mmepụta polyester fiber zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru nde tọn 37.3, na-aza 74% nke mkpokọta mmepụta fiber sịntetik zuru ụwa ọnụ.
Njirimara anụ ahụ
1) Agba.Polyester na-adịkarị opalescent na mecerization.Iji mepụta ngwaahịa matte, tinye TiO2 matte tupu ịgbanye;iji mepụta ngwaahịa ọcha dị ọcha, gbakwunye ihe na-acha ọcha;iji mepụta silk nwere agba, tinye pigmenti ma ọ bụ ihe esiji na agbaze agbaze.
2) N'elu na obe akụkụ udi.Elu nke polyester a na-emekarị na-adị ire ụtọ na akụkụ obe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ gburugburu.Dịka ọmụmaatụ, eriri nwere akụkụ akụkụ pụrụ iche, dị ka triangular, Y-shaped, oghere na silk akụkụ ndị ọzọ pụrụ iche, nwere ike ime site na iji spinneret nwere ụdị pụrụ iche.
3) Njupụta.Mgbe polyester bụ kpamkpam amorphous, njupụta ya bụ 1.333g/cm3.1.455g/cm3 mgbe zuru ezu crystallized.N'ozuzu, polyester nwere nnukwu crystallinity na njupụta nke 1.38 ~ 1.40g / cm3, nke yiri ajị anụ (1.32g / cm3).
4) Mmiri iweghachi ọnụego.Mweghachi mmiri nke polyester na ọnọdụ ọkọlọtọ bụ 0.4%, dị ala karịa nke acrylic (1% ~ 2%) na polyamide (4%).Polyester nwere hygroscopicity dị ala, ya mere ike mmiri ya na-ebelata obere, na ákwà a na-asacha;Ma ihe ngosi ọkụ eletrik static dị njọ mgbe nhazi na iyi, ikuku ume na hygroscopicity adịghị mma.
5) Thermal arụmọrụ.The softening point T nke polyester bụ 230-240 ℃, na agbaze ebe Tm bụ 255-265 ℃, na decomposition point T bụ banyere 300 ℃.Polyester nwere ike na-ere ọkụ, gbazee ma gbazee n'ime beads, yana anwụrụ ojii na isi ísì.
6) Nguzogide ọkụ.Nguzogide ọkụ ya bụ nke abụọ naanị na eriri acrylic.Nguzogide ọkụ nke dacron na-ejikọta ya na usoro ihe omimi ya.Dacron nwere naanị eriri absorption siri ike na mpaghara ọkụ ọkụ nke 315nm, yabụ ike ya na-efunahụ naanị 60% mgbe 600h nke ìhè anyanwụ gasịrị, nke yiri owu.
7) Ọrụ eletrik.Polyester nwere adịghị mma conductivity n'ihi na ya ala hygroscopicity, na dielectric mgbe niile na nso nke -100 ~ + 160 ℃ bụ 3.0 ~ 3.8, na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe magburu onwe insulator.
Ihe eji arụ ọrụ
1) Nnukwu ike.Ike akọrọ bụ 4 ~ 7cN/ DEX, ebe ike mmiri belatara.
2) agafeghị oke elongation, 20% ~ 50%.
3) modul dị elu.N'etiti nnukwu eriri sịntetịt dị iche iche, modul mbụ nke polyester bụ nke kachasị elu, nke nwere ike iru 14 ~ 17GPa, nke na-eme ka akwa polyester kwụsie ike n'ogo, enweghị nrụrụ, enweghị nrụrụ na inogide na-atọ ụtọ.
4) Nkwụsi ike dị mma.Ọkpụkpụ ya dị nso na nke ajị anụ, ma mgbe 5% gbatịpụrụ ya, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ nke ọma na-enwetaghachi ya mgbe ọ kwụsịrị ibu.Ya mere, nkwụghachi azụ nke akwa polyester dị mma karịa nke eriri eriri ndị ọzọ.
5) Yiri nguzogide.Nguzogide iyi ya bụ nke abụọ naanị naịlọn, yana karịa eriri sịntetik ndị ọzọ, nguzogide eyi fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ otu.
Kemịkalụ kwụsie ike
Nkwụsi ike kemịkalụ nke polyester na-adabere n'ụdị agbụ molekụla ya.Polyester nwere ezigbo nguzogide ndị ọzọ reagents ma e wezụga n'ihi adịghị mma alkali iguzogide.
Nguzogide acid.Dacron kwụsiri ike na acids (karịsịa organic acids) ma na-emikpu ya na ngwọta hydrochloric acid yana obere akụkụ nke 5% na 100 ℃.
Oge nzipu: Feb-14-2022